Showing posts with label Development. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Development. Show all posts

Thursday, April 30, 2009

再来铁鸟


小时候喜欢折纸飞机
教室上空总是会有很多纸飞机
颜色、大小各异
很是好玩

上大学时
第一次坐上真真的飞机 - 铁鸟
离开了拉萨

几十年过去了
西藏地上有了穿梭的铁龙
西藏上空也多了很多的铁鸟
野牦牛不得不给铁龙让道了
燕子不得不躲着铁鸟了

而今天又看到新闻说
日喀则要建西藏第五个民用机场
和平机场
乱世里的“细底”机场

真不明白西藏遍地的“鲁”
怎么就可以和这些异物
铁龙、铁鸟、铁鱼...
如此和谐并存

Monday, December 01, 2008

Shall We Dance



Again! World AIDS Day! Just like a show-time everybody into the streets for leaflets and condom. If people were really care and concern, everyday should be AIDS day not just 1st of December. HIV and AIDS is not just a health issue but a social issue; we are all part of it.....thus should work together! With one's friends, colleagues, wife, husband, child, community members....

As said, most intimate but probably most dangerous. So shall we dance, inside the condom...every time!

Friday, June 08, 2007

拉萨市区禁止探矿采矿

今天在新华网上又看到一则关于西藏探矿采矿的消息。

新闻说:为了在日益发展的社会经济活动和城市建设中更好地保护环境,拉萨市政府日前正式颁布通告,全面禁止市区范围内的探矿、采矿活动,同时对采石和采砂活动进行更严格的规范。

拉萨市常务副市长谢延智5日向"中华环保世纪行--西藏行"活动汇报时说,这项举措是拉萨市严格执行环境管理制度、加强污染防治的重要一环。 根据已经正式实施的《拉萨市政府关于在市区禁止探矿采矿、规范采石、采砂的通告》,拉萨市规划控制区内禁止探矿采矿,并整顿规范采石采砂行为;在划定区域内凡符合有关规定要求、手续齐全的采石、采砂场点,要严格按照科学合理开采,不得造成环境破坏和资源浪费。

谢延智说,去年拉萨市对6家选矿厂下达了停建通知书,对13家采石、采砂和取土厂下发了停业整顿通知书,还处罚了11家有违法行为的选矿厂。

前段时间拉萨市政府网上还有这么个决策:根据《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》、《西藏自治区环境保护条例》和《拉萨市城市总体规划》等相关法律法规的规定和文件精神,经拉萨市政府2007年3月30日第五次常务会议研究决定在拉萨市区划定探矿、采矿禁采区,并对采石、采砂场点进行规范。并下发了《拉萨市人民政府关于拉萨市区禁止探矿、采矿,规范采石、采砂的通告》、《拉萨市人民政府关于拉萨市区禁止探矿、采矿,规范采石、采砂的决定》,该决定从2007年5月1日起正式实施。

决定把拉萨东起纳金电厂、桑珠林南北线,西至堆龙德庆县东嘎镇、柳梧新区南北线,南至南山山脊分水岭以北,北至北山山脊分水岭以南列入禁采区。决定要求在禁采区内现有探矿、采矿场点在60日内由所在地县级人民政府负责关闭;禁采区内凡符合有关规定要求、手续齐全的采石、采砂场点要严格按照相关规定科学、合理开采,不得造成环境破坏和资源浪费;对拉萨监狱所属西藏桑伊建筑建材开发中心采石场在2008年12月31日前进行关闭;指出自《通告》下发之日起,禁采区内不得审批新的任何形式的探矿、采矿、采石、采砂场点;要求各级监察、环保、国土、工商等行政主管部门要严格执法,认真按照《通告》精神,制定措施,抓好落实,加强拉萨城市景观和生态环境的保护。

虽然乍看还象是个好消息,但问题真这么简单吗?
  1. 为什么会有此《通告》?
  2. 界定禁采区的依据是什么?
  3. 其实现在乱探乱采矿都是在那曲,墨竹和日喀则等地区,而非禁采区。难道又是一个show case?
  4. 对那些乱探乱采矿,而又不在禁采区的矿区是如何处理?
  5. 说是在禁采区手续齐全的要严格按照相关规定科学、合理开采,不得造成环境破坏和资源浪费,那么又是哪个部门来监督?相关部门是否明白相关规定?
  6. 钢筋水泥的拉萨城市景观和生态环境已有太多“聚光灯”的关照了。

Wednesday, May 16, 2007

Shanghai vs. Tibet

2007第一季收入排行
上海人最富 西藏人最低

中国一方面经济持续发展,另一方面城乡居民生活水平差距也日益增大,中国统计局的统计数据显示,全国31个省市中有24个人均可支配收入低于平均值,收入最低的西藏人平均可支配收入不仅低于中平均水平,甚至不及最富的上海人的一半,只有其三分之一略多一些。

根据中国统计局最新的统计显示,第一季城镇居民家庭平均每人可支配收入为人民币3934.94元,同比增长19.5%,扣除价格因素,实际增长16.6%,增幅高于上年同期五点八个百分点。

第一季城镇居民家庭收支基本情况中,上海城镇家庭以人均可支配收入人民币6795.52元居首,其次是浙江的6676.11元,再次是北京的5901.17元,第四是广东的5283.03元,第五是江苏的4847.7元。

不过,西藏城镇家庭的人均可支配收入只有2436.61元,名列各省市之末,不仅远低于中国各地平均值的3934.94元,更只有上海的三分之一略多一点。
排名倒数第二名的甘肃也只有2449.25元,仅比西藏多12.64元,倒数第三名的青海为2594.65元,同样远低于平均值,还不到排名第四的广东的一半。

至于新疆、宁夏、贵州以及东北地区的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁等地的人均可支配收入均不及三千元,也都在平均值之下。
此外,根据统计局的数据显示,中国三十一个省市之中有二十四个的人均可支配收入低于平均值,只有七个高于平均值,换言之,各地的城乡居民生活水平不仅明显呈现差异,且财富集中在少数的地区的民众所享有,而大多数地区及其民众的生活是在平均水平之下。

中国社科院此前发表的2007年《中国社会蓝皮书》也点名收入差距的问题,书中指中国收入最高的20%人口与最低收入者的实际收入差距约十八倍,且差距仍在向纵深发展。过去城乡差距和地区差距要比总体的差距小很多,特别是东部地区率先发展之后,东部的收入差距显得很大。但现在西部已经超过东部,而且农民内部差距比较突出。

据悉,近几年,中国经济的增长过分依赖于投资,外贸依存度高达70%左右。在这种情况下,十三亿人口的大国,持续、稳定的经济增长,不能完全依赖于进出口贸易。而是要依靠内需,不过,由于整个收入分配差距很大,造成整个国家的消费和内需难以扩大。

国家发改委曾发表报告,坦承政府调节收入力度不够。数据显示,2005年全国征收的个人所得税占各项税收的比例只有7.3%,占居民总收入的比例只有2.5%。同期,在政府财政支出中,用于抚恤、社会福利救济和社会保障的补助支出的费用占居民总收入的比例只有3%。

有分析认为,中国社会当前“最不和谐的音符”就是日益扩大的城乡收入差距。有专家则指出,中国政府需要解决的是增加农民的收入,深化体制改革,建立覆盖城乡的公共财政制度、建立城乡统一的劳动力市场和土地市场、深化农村金融改革、建立城乡一体的户籍管理制度,以便将土地的增值收益更多留给农民,把农村的资金更多留在农村,让农民能更多分享农产品加工和流通领域的利润。

Tuesday, May 15, 2007

piss me off

"Pay, I don't care. This is not my money." Again, someone who is working in a development field keep making such statement. Is that a right attitude? If one doesn't want to make a best use of other's resources, and continually marking irresponsible decisions, then from my point of view, this person shouldn't be in a development field, and this kind of so called "development program" won't help people who needs the help. Anyway development work is such a crab.

Friday, December 22, 2006

Participation or just Right?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights have stated that “ Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” However, Shetonmon people, the indigenous peoples in Shigatse when the international mining company Hunter Dickinson Inc. (HDI) started explore mine in their native land; they don’t have the real rights to participate and the government did not consult local people for their concerns.

The mainstream culture and society treated indigenous peoples as vulnerable segments of society, especially subjectively agree and making a decision on behalf of them. In the case of Shetonmon, the lack of participation and different perspective makes the issue more complex. Because, indigenous peoples, Tibetans over there consider the land, the nature as sacred and human being should to be cared not for violation, therefore, effective communication and participation from local people is needed for protect and respect their culture as well as environment and further development, but the question is how much effective can be made through participatory approach, and who.

Take another example from my previous work, as a rights-based organization Save the Children’s project activities should based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), however, since Tibet geographically, culturally and historically is unique. People have different understanding and interpreting of the four principals, especially the participation.

Although the need for a participatory method is widely accepted by different agencies but it is still difficult to implement and have a positive results in less development regions. Participatory approach helps stakeholders express their thought and plan or even monitor the result by themselves. But the key to success sometimes are depending on stockholder’s education level and overall understanding of the issue. Moreover, the manipulative and passive participation are still dominated approach. Therefore, to ensure indigenous people (Tibetan) rights’ to land, natural resources and political not only need sound participatory approach but also provide quality and high education for Tibetans; basic education and skills are no more enough to fight for their self-determine. Encourage self organizing and cooperating among indigenous groups as well as with external bodies. And conduct workshop or tranining for skill development or better undersanding of the law and regulatios from the center goverement.

Wednesday, June 14, 2006

民间不是NGO

中国的民间需要一种身份自觉的运动。

我相信中国的现代化是一个从民间社会到市民社会再到公民社会的一个过程。这种从臣民到市民再到公民的转型与成长过程是需要一种民族精神以及民族文化的更新的,而它们要具体表现为个人的身份自觉。所以,我们不妨把NGO运动自觉地溶入到这样一个转型与成长的过程中,我个人相信,NGO运动是建设公民社会的主要途径之一。

西方先哲指出,人是一个天生的政治动物。因为现代文明认为政治从其本原上来说既是先于政府,同样也高于政府的天赋人权,以及因此而来的民主国家(制度)。西方文明认为,人乃神创,国乃人创,个体的权利是优先于国家权利的。事实上,如果没有最基本的个人权利(天赋人权),就既没有公民(社会),也没有政治(国家)。

被定义为非政府组织的NGO运动是具有基本权利的公民之生活的一部分,非政府的,也就是能够独立于强制性公权的政府组织、有别于政府行为的一种活动,NGO的首要条件就在于个体有基本的个人权利保障,只是与那些以维护公民基本权利(或称天赋人权)的政治组织(主要是政府)的活动,以及个人履行公民对政治制度的责任与义务(比如“参政议政”)等政治活动相比,非政府组织关注的是另外一些层面的东西。这些在公权力(宪政)的活动之外,以及在对宪政的维护活动之外的活动,除了以赢利为主要目的的企业(组织)活动之外,人们都可以把它们定义为非政府(组织)活动。

由于中国历史上没有倡导世俗权利的文艺复兴(运动)以及张扬思想自由(理性权利)的启蒙运动,个人的基本权利(所谓的天赋人权)并不为我们的民族精神以及民族文化所信仰,因此,自古以来,中国的江山(天下)都是打出来的(所以我们从小就被反复教育,人民江山是无数革命先烈用最宝贵的生命换来的),从其合法性的意义上来说,它们都自称是替天行道之结果,天乃至高无上者也,因此君权神授,君权神圣,拥有江山就拥有一切。君臣如父子,政教乃合一。事实上,中国的政府(政权)自古以来就不是一个世俗的政权(不能以契约去定性),它们是全能因而是无限的,上管天,下管地,中间还要管空气。在个体没有最基本的权利,也就是个人没有最基本的私人边界的地方,是没有个人可言的,在道能弘人,非人弘道(与孔子所说的“人能弘道,非道弘人”恰好相反)的地方,只有代表道(以及其它)的君主以及可以细分为君子与小人的众生。用现代的话来说,本来是“文化是人为的,也是为人的”,可是,非世俗性的政权却把人乃神创与国乃人创这些东西都颠倒了。个人是否能生存完全变成了一种国家的恩赐,政府有权利把人划分成为“人(民)”与非人(民)。既然政权不是世俗的,而是用暴力替天行道之结果,因此它也不能由世俗的个人去决定、不能由世俗的个人去管理以及监督,更不要说可以去更替它们(除非是改朝换代)。而民享、民治、民有的民主(国家)理念,以及因之而来的宪政、共和、法治思想,这些东西在以官为本位的国家里乃是离经叛道,分庭抗礼的异端之邪说。

所以,在我们国家,有学者认为,在汉语学术界,CIVIL SOCIETY有三个流行的译名,即“公民社会”、“市民社会”和“民间社会”。也就是从概念上来说它们什么都是,事实上它们是什么也不是。

简单地说,中国传统社会的一个基本观念,是倾向于把整个社会看成是一个犹如大家庭的同质性的共同体。其中,身为“天子”的皇帝扮演着天下万民父母的角色,受其委派的地方官吏则是当地百姓的“父母官”。作为一个大家长,皇帝被期待着一视同仁地看顾其“子民”,同样地,地方官也总是被指望着关心民间疾苦和“与民作主”。(梁治平)

自古以来,中国(大陆)的民间(社会)就是官本位的官府(社会)的附庸。在官本位社会里,没有市民与公民,只有臣子与臣民。中国传统文化强调民本,此民本乃民为官家之本钱,而非民乃国家之根本,本钱与本体根本不是一回事,所以,此“民本”非彼民本。同样,个人没有基本人权因之根本无法独立于国家的此“民间”而非有基本人权的彼民间。

香港学者曾注意到,最近一二十年以来,东欧各国在争取民主的过程中,纷纷地诉诸“市民社会”这个概念。他们把市民社会这个概念作为他们民主运动的一个理论基础。东欧各国在计划社会的体制之下,社会被政治所扼杀。在这些国家中,政治上的触角延伸到每一个领域中去,因而独立于政治的自主及自发性的社会不再存在。诉诸市民社会这个概念的目的就是要再建立一个独立于政治而具有自主性的社会。只有建立这样一个具有自主性的社会,人们才可能与政治对抗。诉诸市民社会这项行动,不仅是在改革的过程中必须采取的,即使在建立了民主政治之后,一个独立于政治而具有自主性的社会仍然应该继续存在下去,只有当一个国家拥有这样一个独立的社会时,泛政治主义,以及由它所引导出来的不民主及不自由才可能被避免。(石元康)

我想,也许并没有人会认为民间就是NGO,但是,鉴于对我们这个没有民间的“民间”的历史与现实普遍缺乏认识这样一种民族文化知识背景的反思,也就是在民间社会、市民社会与公民社会混杂在一起的特殊汉语语境里,我们有必要强调民间不是NGO这个道理。

如果我们无法否认人是天生的政治动物,那么,没有政治(基本人权)的“民间”不是NGO,也正因此,在从没有政治的臣民到有政治(基本人权)的公民转型的中国民间才需要建设可以与政府(组织)对等(平等)的NGO。如果我们连国家政府都可以建设,我们为何不可以建设自己的生活与人生呢?NGO倡导和追求的只不过是“建设你们自己,而不要焚毁委员会”。

民主之本质或根本乃个人之自主。个人自主最基本的内容就是天赋人权。天赋人权是现实政治,也是一种文化,更是一种信仰。民间社会、市民社会以及公民社会不仅是一种社会形态,更是一种社会制度。天赋人权既让我们得以实行宪政国家,也让我们得以建设民间生活。中国民间的身份自觉是一个从民族精神到生活形态以及制度建设的一个系统工程,这个过程只是基于人类现代文明常识的运动,这种人类现代文明常识即对个人基本权利的信仰与追求。

在很长很长的时间里,“在我们国家,争取自由的斗争曾经聚焦在权力层面而不是创造公民社会。因此它最终导向集中营。”(米奇尼克)所以,在中国民间这个身份自觉的过程中,我祈望同胞们能切记:“目前,我们必须保障的是社群自行发展的自由和能力,而不是国家。”

2005年12月2日晚,北京行旅中 作者:梁泉民间不是NGO——写给《民间》通讯(杂志),本文应天下溪梁晓燕之邀而作

Sunday, May 21, 2006

Definition of Economics

TRADITIONAL ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You sell one and buy a bull.
Your herd multiplies and the economy grows.
You retire on the income.

INDIAN ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You worship them.

PAKISTANI ECONOMICS
You don't have any cows.
You claim that the Indian cows belong to you.
You ask the US for financial aid,
China for military aid,
British for Warplanes,
Italy for machines,
Germany for technology,
French for submarines,
Switzerland for loans,
Russia for drugs and
Japan for equipment.
You buy the cows with all this and claim of exploitation by the world.

AMERICAN ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You sell one and force the other to produce the milk of four cows.
You profess surprise when the cow drops dead.
You put the blame on some nation with cows & naturally that nation willbe a danger to mankind hiding secret weapons of cattle destruction.
You wage a war to save the world and grab the cows.

FRENCH ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You go on strike because
you want three cows.

GERMAN ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You reengineer them so that they live for 100 years, eat once a monthand milk themselves.

BRITISH ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
They are both mad cows.

ISRAELI ECONOMICS
You have two cows
You steal two Palestinian cows so you have four.
America gives you four more cows for free.
You accuse Europe of anti-semitism so you are given eight more cows.
You sell adulterated cow food to Africa in exchange for ten healthy AficanCows.
You claim a secret formula of cow multiplication.
The world amazes at your agricultural genius.

ITALIAN ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You don't know where they are.
You break for lunch.

SWISS ECONOMICS
You have 5000 cows, none of which belong to you.
You charge others for storing them.

JAPANESE ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You redesign them so that they are one-tenth the size of an ordinary cow and produce twenty times the milk.
You then create cute cartoon cow images called Cowkimon and market themworldwide.

RUSSIAN ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You count them and learn you have five cows.
You count them again and learn you have 42 cows.
You count them again and learn you have 17 cows.
You give up counting and open another bottle of vodka.

CHINESE ECONOMICS
You have two cows.
You have 300 people milking them.
You claim full employment, high bovine productivity andarrest anyone reporting the actual numbers.

TIBETAN ECONOMICS (I)
You have two cows.
Let them mate with yaks and you now have three.
Let them mate and mate and mate
You now have more than you can handle
You now a build a center
You separate the male and female
You teach them that mating is a sin
You also teach them that violence is a sin
Slowly they lost touch with realities
One day Chinese came and killed most of them
They tried to fight back
They cried to UN for help
But it was too late
Not only did they lose their cows
but the grassland where the cow feed

TIBETAN ECONOMICS (II)
There were 2 cows(or Yaks,Midget,lazy)
Keeps thinking everyhting is hunky dory
until the Chinese cow overpowered them
Still thinking fighting back is sinfu
land might hurt the Chi cow,s feeling
Forgot to graze thinking that might kill a lots of bugs.
Ends up in a foreign La la land and started pleading another cowcalled UNO,refuses to listen but still tries at least ones a year
Calves are dying of malnourishment but the Mama cow still says
Never give up,go in the middle and relinquish violence for the Sake of Semchen Thamche,
But you go hungry....Tibetan Cow. Alas

TIBETAN ECONOMICS (III)
You have two cows.
Both the cows are tibetan.
The cows pray all the time.
Both the cows die of old age.
The cows are reborn in India as humans.
They get "visa" to ARI because of the good KARMA in their previous lives as "COW"In ARI they go to clubs and fight.
they both get killed in a bar.
They are reborn as COWS because of "BAR KARMA"
Again they start praying....!