Myanmar trip 2

I took a public bus early morning from Mandalay to Bagan. It was a very intereting to traveling with local people. Except the bus seat I cannot complain my decision, very friendly people and beautiful scenery. Moreover, i was lucky enough to changed sate in the frond. So the whole trip I was seating with 4 Burmese girls at the front.

Mandalay Bus Station

Lunch break from Mandalay to Bagan

Sunrise in old Bagan

Sunset

pick-up

a small village just behind my guesthouse

People, animal and the old Bagan

Myanmar trip 1

Time goes by so fast. My 22 days trip in Myanmar ends without notice.

As I was traveling by myself i didn't have a concrete itinerary but wants to see more local people and spend sometime in rural villages. I started my trip from Mandalay, 3 days but had such a great first impression which i am sure will last forever.





Pray for Peace & Freedom
祈祷和平与自由






childhood
童年





Watching sunset
观赏日落















Market & Books
集市与书




















Beach Ball & White Pollution
沙滩足球 & 白色污染





Ayeyarwady River & Life
伊洛瓦底江 & 生活

is a child labor? !
童工?!

















Market
市场













cheap "Made in China" in Manalay
处所可见的"中国制造"


















Vegetable Market
菜市场

a lazy winter

...I feel so lazy....

回来都一个月了，就是懒得写博。在缅甸、在路上还坚持写游记，可一回来似乎进入冬眠了。真后悔没有去柬埔寨和越南。也许是因为缅甸的阳光海滩，觉着今年LS的冬天似乎出奇的冷，而我又出奇的闲。希望这个冬天快点过去。

与"藏族小姐"的半夜对话[转]

怪杰与布日小姐的半夜对话在述说现代化进程中的西藏故事......

A)
"你在哪里？"

"我在陕西路旁的乡情茶馆，你过来吧，就我一个。"

打这电话的准确时间，应该是7月10日凌晨几分，对象则是我的一位好友。别看他平时话不多，挺腼腆的样子，但这回叫我去乡情茶馆时，很是干脆。而我丝毫也不觉意外，这正印证了所谓"英雄本'色'"这句成语。我毫不犹豫地答应了他的邀请，打的直奔目的地。呵呵，我是为着长长见识。

B)
和朋友上了乡情茶馆的二楼包厢，很快就有两个年轻的女子来接待了，一聊得知一个是拉萨的，一个是林芝的。各个房间都闪烁着现代化茶馆特有的那种暧昧的红灯，气氛很热烈，以至于我们可以清楚地听见隔壁房间的姑娘们伺候客人的声音。

桌上摆了几罐百威啤酒，这可不是我乐意喝的，于是我叫了绿茶，既对身体好，也比较划算。拉萨女孩坐到了我旁边，带着点醉意开始嘀咕："大哥，你是哪里的啊？我家在八廊学一带……你家在团结新村啊，那认识罗布次丹、桑吉吗？"可她说的这些名字我一个都没听过，更别提认识了。

"我只认识比较有名的那些。

"没错，他们都很有名的打架超厉害".

听着这稚嫩的回答，我汗了一下。仔细瞧了瞧她，还真挺靓的，尤其是那双眼睛，不大不小，极会传神。于是，打从这一刻起，我就对自己说："如果要选择，我就选你！"

C)
朋友在旁边很郁闷的样子，这让我有点为难，按说我一个新手在这样的新环境下应该显得比较拘谨，比较那么没话讲，可是面对老手的沉默不语，一时间我还真想不出什么好法子。于是我们打牌，将他看似中意的那姑娘叫了过来，但还是无法改变尴尬的局面。再后来，我干脆提议各包一个姑娘走人时，他才露出了一丝微笑。也难怪，这原本就是来这里的目的嘛。

每个姑娘的包价是150RMB ，这比包汉族的要便宜很多。据我所知，那些汉族小姐只有到了凌晨五六点才会把价格降到150RMB。

收钱的老板娘在一楼，头发很长，个很高，给人康巴姑娘的印象，后来得知果然是，老家巴塘，脾气暴躁，动不动就骂她的姑娘们。

D）

和拉萨姑娘在附近的一家招待所定了一套房间后，我们打开电视说亮话。这期间，她几次提议要我上床睡觉，都被我拒绝了。我更愿意跟她说话。很惊讶，她也喜欢听JAY的歌，于是我把她抱在怀里唱了首《双截棍》，嘿嘿，可以说这是收买人心的第一步吧。打从我决定包她开始，我的脑袋里就转着个念头： "如果能趁此机会让她讲讲她的故事，那我一直筹备的那篇《一个藏妓的自白》岂不是有材料了？"所以我打消了跟她干那事的想法，准备慢慢地套她的话。

"我这个人呢，就是有个优点，看人挺准的。我猜你走上这条路，可能跟你的朋友有关。像你这种人，往往是属于比较重情义的那种，如果朋友哪天背叛了你，你就会走上歪路。还有就是，你可能从小被家人给宠坏了，很任性，先是过放荡不拘的生活，然后走上了这条路。"我摆出一副能掐会算的架势。

果然，她转过身来对我说："你猜的基本正确。"接着又掉过头去，用被子盖住了全身。面对我，她显然有点害羞，毕竟大家差不多是同龄人，而且是老乡。对我来说，花钱干那事，也的确不习惯。

我趁热打铁，用非常平和的语气要求她给我讲讲她的故事，主要讲讲她是怎么走上这条路的。并诱导说，有时候，可以试着将心里藏着的话说给某个信任的人听，这样就会舒服很多。

功夫不负有心人，在我多次恳求之后，她终于将自己的心酸故事对我一一道来：

E)
"我是家里最小的孩子，所以家人很疼爱我，不管我做什么，都不会干预。这样一来，我就慢慢学会了放纵。特别是在我13岁上小学6年级时，我压根儿就没有上过学，整天和朋友一起泡酒吧，去冷饮店和朗玛厅。后来家人见实在管不住，就没让我去上学，而是要求我整天呆在家里，做个乖乖女，这哪能让我撑得住啊？所以我偷偷从家里溜走，和朋友一起过着当时以为很快乐、很自在的日子，有时晚上都不回家。"

讲到这，她有点哽咽，像是对过去所犯错误表示悔过。

"今年初，我和朋友在海关附近的一家酒吧打工，赚点小钱，毕竟花父母的钱我自己也觉得不舒服。酒吧老板人很好，而且我们可以不用干那事。有时晚上去不了，工资还是会照样发的。平时我们除了陪酒外，如果客人提议包，那是绝对不会同意的。可是那天不知中了什么魔，有两个甘孜人在喝完酒后说要带我和朋友去罗布林卡附近的舞厅玩，我们很愉快地接受了。 "

"本来那两个甘孜人说好要带我们去舞厅的，可眼看就到舞厅，他们却突然要我们进附近一家招待所。我们觉得有点不对劲，想不去，但见那两个甘孜人凶巴巴的样子，也只能顺从了。一进屋，马上又有两个人进来了，拿着刀子要挟我们跟他们上路边的一辆车，如果反抗，就是死路一条。结果，我们坐了两天两夜的车，途中还不许我们开窗往外望。直到下车时，才知道原来已经到了阿里。"

听到这，我忍不住问她是否想家，她停顿了一下，然后说每当夜半醒来时，常常会因想家而哭泣，后悔当初没听父母的话。可是又能怎么办呢？挟持她们的老板让她们断绝了与亲戚朋友的一切联系，如果发现谁打电话到家或准备逃跑，那下场肯定很惨。

"有时我很想打电话到家里，告诉他们我在阿里快来救我，但又怕他们要是真来了，会跟甘孜人发生打架伤人甚至要命的事，只好算了。所以到现在为止，我还没跟家人打过一次电话，他们也肯定想不到我会在阿里。"

我注意到她的眼睛，好像湿润了，但她不肯承认这个事实，可能是因为好面子的缘故吧。我可以理解她的畏惧心情，在西藏，特别是在卫藏一带，甘孜人有一个绰号，叫"甘孜乔邦"，指的是他们像流氓一样，什么事都干，而且打架也特厉害，所以卫藏人一般都不会惹他们。

"那你没想过逃走吗？比如趁没人注意，偷偷坐上离开阿里的车。"我有点好奇地问。

"当然想啊，但我还是怕，怕车开到半路就被老板拦截，那样后果就更惨了。没办法，听说老板在阿里熟人特多。而且阿里这儿的茶馆里，像我一样被拐骗的女孩很多，没人管的。"

我想也是，没有一个左右逢源的人际关系网络，谁敢开这种违反法律、违反道德的"藏茶馆"呢？她还说曾有个熟人来过茶馆，见到她的现状后心里不忍，准备带她一起回拉萨。那人是个导游司机，机会实在难得，但她犹豫再三，最后还是谢绝了，一来怕会给司机带来不必要的麻烦，二来怕要是真回去了，又如何面对家人和朋友？她叹了一口气，用"好像又魔鬼附身了一样"这句话，来解释为什么会错过这么好的机会。

"到阿里两个多月了，这期间我真正喜欢过的男生只有一个，他在噶尔县工作。可是后来老板得知我们的关系后，马上要我断绝跟他的联系。我很伤心，那几天哭得把枕头都湿透了。那男生之后来过几次，给老板说要出200RMB包我，老板还是没答应，听他的一个朋友说那些天他情绪很低落，还时不时跟人吵架。你看，我肩上的疤痕就是那时候留下的，我习惯在极度难过时用刀割伤自己。干这行真是没有任何自由，我们就像是被囚禁在一座无形的监狱里。

"是啊，看得出来，虽然你们每次面对客人都一脸的笑意，但我想，其实你们的内心还是很痛苦的。"我一本正经地总结道。

她笑了一下，说："嗯，是啊，所以每次喝酒我都会很积极，因为麻醉后可以让我暂时忘却烦恼。

"怪不得你肚子这么大啊，跟你的细腿太不搭配了，谁会相信这么大的肚子属于一个19岁的女孩呢？再说现在不是流行减肥吗？哈哈！"说完，我厚着脸皮摸了下她那啤酒肚，弹性够大。她应该是感到有点不好意思了吧，马上把身子转了过去，我想她不会介意我这么直白的，毕竟正如她说，我们都是生长在同一个地方的嘛。

"那，"我提出了最后一个问题："有没有老伯，包你干那事？"虽然我尽量问得小心翼翼，但并没听到她的任何回音。

F)
快到四点钟时她开始嚷着要回去了。"我们四点要回去，然后呆到早上八点才能睡觉，下午六点起床。我都不知道这日子是怎么过的，如果回去迟到，又要挨骂，求求你让我回去吧。"

临走前，她还告诉我所得钱是4,5分成的，衣服之类的生活用品都得靠自己去买，有时走在街上，真怕会被曾经的熟人认出，想报警吧，又怕老板早已跟他们打成一片。她还叮嘱我千万不要把今晚说的话告诉任何人，她带点悔意说以前有好多客人问她的事情，她都没有说过。我暗自庆幸自己能成为她的故事的第一个听众，也理解她这么急着回去可能是又想用酒来麻醉自己，毕竟第一次跟一个陌生人说这么多心里话，心里难受是难免的。我安慰她，说会替她想出个两全其美的逃跑办法，其实在心底里，我还真的想不出什么好办法。

独自躺在旅舍里感触颇深，平时我们总是看不起那些所谓的"小姐"，但谁又能理解她们背后的那些心酸故事呢？究竟是她们的错，还是那些威逼她们的老板们的错，或者说是如今这样的社会环境的错？这可真是个很难回答的问题。窗外开始下小雨了，这是阿里今年夏天的第一场雨。电视里正在直播世界杯决赛，而镜头恰恰是齐达内愤怒地向队手"撞头"而去的情景，我惊讶地笑了，而后沉沉睡去。

G)
两个月后，当我再次到城里时，特意约上朋友去那个茶馆再看了看，但没想到却已经面目一新，完全变成了正宗的茶馆。至于原因，不得而知。里面的人也换了，那个跟我聊了半夜的拉萨女孩也不见踪影。

有着啤酒肚的拉萨女孩，你现在怎么样？你是回到了亲人的身边，还是继续过着"小姐"的生活？

2006.9.5日晚

(注:人名地名均为化名)

责任编辑:唯色

美丽女人

曾经一个半藏半汉的朋友告诉我，她始终不明白为什么很多藏族女孩一结婚整个人就完全奉献给家庭了。比如，除非要出门，她们几乎不会梳妆打理自己，在家不是“家庭主妇”就是“保母”的形象。根据她的分析，为什么拉萨嫖客那么多，一个直接的原因就是男的看腻了家里那个“主妇”兼“保母”的老婆。所以，她认为藏族女人应该爱自己多一些。虽然她的分析过于片面过于简单化，但的确女人首先要学会爱自己，你才能懂得怎样去爱别人，也才会被人爱 一个美丽女人。

朋友发来一篇随笔，觉得蛮有意思....

在感情方面，女人再优秀也会有被抛弃的可能，永远不要相信什么“他不要我，只是我不够好”这样的蠢话，事情往往是你再好也没有用，甚至问题的症结很可能就是你太好了，让男人产生了压力，他觉得与你在一起不能彰显他的强大，他感到了深深地疲惫，渴望挣脱你的阴影。所以，王菲输给了高原，而邵美琪输给梁咏琪。永远不要相信坚贞这个词是用铁打的，很多时候，之所以坚贞，仅仅是因为诱惑的力量不够大。

古时女人被休，如果写不来像卓文君那样“闻君有两意，故来相决绝”的诗句，去打动郎君的铁石心肠，就只能悲戚戚哭回娘家。但现在，弃妇本身已没有那么严重的悲剧意义。做弃妇不可怕。可怕的是被抛弃后一蹶不振，终生潦倒。弃妇所要做的就是应该不动声色，继续生活。像王菲那样漫不经心地*大*，没了你，我亦能爱上别人；或像邵美琪那样，被你抛弃后，只字不谈。越来越觉得，这样的女人很争气，绝不将个人哀怨放到桌面上，即使向隅低泣，也不做祥林嫂。

记得很久以前看过一句广告词，说爱情之所以是美丽的，正是因为它是自由选择的。这句话不无道理。一个人爱谁、不爱谁是自由选择的。而选择爱情还是选择物质，又何尝不应该是一个人的自由呢？男人追求金钱叫做追求事业，无可厚非；那么一个女人追求物质，怎么就成了千古罪人，要遭人唾骂了呢？就算是她想用婚姻来换取自己的优裕生活，只要她不是用卑鄙下流的手段，谁又有资格有权利指责她什么呢？大家的志向不同而已。你要你的爱情，她要她的物质，人生姿态不一样，这里面没有对与错是与非的问题。做个坚强、自立、美丽的女人吧。

一个女人可以生得不漂亮，但是一定要活得漂亮。无论什么时候，渊博的知识、良好的修养、文明的举止、优雅的谈吐、博大的胸怀，以及一颗充满爱的心灵，一定可以让一个人活得足够漂亮，哪怕你本身长得并不漂亮。活得漂亮，就是活出一种精神、一种品位、一份至真至性的精彩。一个人只要不自弃，相信没有谁可以阻碍你进步。

女人是因为可爱了才美丽，而不是因为美丽了才可爱！！

Blood Diamond 血钻

除了记录片，我也很喜欢看一些反应人性、社会的电影。但因为我们生活的世界本来就不够完美，往往看完这些电影会让人很压抑。

Blood Diamond 《血钻》对我的冲击不压与 《Hotel Rwanda》同样是在非洲，同样是反应人性与社会，但再也没有美丽非洲森林草原的画面了，也再也听不到非洲激情的音乐。在血腥与枪弹的声音中我们似乎看到了自己。

Blood Diamond 《血钻》的故事发生在九十年代处于内战的Sierra Leone塞拉利昂。主人公丹尼·阿彻尔(Leonardo DiCaprio)，一个来自津巴布韦的前雇佣兵，和所罗门·梵迪(Djimon Hounsou)，一个渔民。就是这样拥有不同的历史背景和生活环境本不该有任何交集的两个人，他们的命运却被一颗罕见的粉钻石紧密联结在一起。而在非洲，这样一颗钻石的确可以改变一个人的生活……或是终止那个人的生活。

记得有这样一些恶俗的广告语“钻石恒久远，一颗永流传”还说什么“钻石是女人最好的朋友”.... 不明白真的有人会相信这些鬼话。为了一颗钻戒，有人刻意结婚，而也有人宁可放弃婚姻。在我看了一块石头和感情是八竿子也打不到一块的两件事。

电影里有这样一个台词“人们不会去买钻石，如果他们知道付出的代价”。真的吗？我不确定。举个例子，藏族穿动物皮毛的风气，他们不是不知道这些皮毛是要杀了动物才能得到的，只是因为已形成的风气与人性攀比的本质推动下，很多人也只能随波逐流。

Conflict Diamonds = Blood diamonds，又是一场战争。“发现钻石的地方，就会发生灾难”。非洲很多不稳定的因素之一其实就是钻石。“just think what mess we would be in if we had oil ” 确实看看伊拉克的现状，混乱的中东就会明白世界资源战才刚刚打响。

Myanmar

缅甸，又一个我的中途站
再过几个小时我就可以站在那了

But, again Should I go?The reasons listed in Lonelyplent is also part of my reason to make this tripbut , more than that is I love the Country, the peopleI see Tibet and Tibetans in the country.
I don't know if really the vast majority of locals want tourists or not, but at least we are not to hurt them but to learn the country and appreciate the people and their culture.

Friends

计划没有变化快
因为航班延误
昆明之行竟变成了
朋友聚会

交流思想
畅谈生活
分享音乐

虽然LS是家
虽然LS越来越拥挤
但可以真正互相分享的朋友是越来越少了
很多时候无奈多余孤独
所以，这几天觉得很充实
每天都在谈我们的计划
我们的P&S
虽然不免有点太理想化了
但没有理由放弃我们的梦想

一个不安分的心
一个感恩的心
一个执着的心
即便最后失败了
我也将庆幸自己经历了

Ride Donkey Find Horse 骑驴找马

China seems like a land of limitless opportunities for romance. - Jenny Chu

My mother has a Chinese saying for just about every situation. I’ll say this and she’ll respond with a four word idiom dating back to Confucius. I’ll do that and she’ll somehow use 5000 years of collective wisdom to shoot me down.

So I was not all surprised to find that everyone here in China knows all the idioms ever created in China’s history. Every idiom my mom knows, my coworker knows, my Chinese friends know and, it seems, every other Chinese person knows. I can hardly remember even one.

That is until now.

A few weeks ago during a night on the town with the girls, I was taught an idiom that I love to use, “Qi Lu Zhao Ma.” The idiom literally means “Ride Donkey Find Horse.”

That Friday night was like any other. My eyes were peeled for any potential love victims that might cross my path. See, here in Beijing, there is a real diversity of Chinese boys. There are punk rockers, geeks, hipsters, chuppies (a Chinese Yuppie) and so on. Every type of boy you can imagine, you can find here.

Beijing is therefore unlike Silicon Valley, where I hail from. In the land of Apple and IBM, the typical Chinese-American boy works either in the finance or tech industry and could call the Banana Republic his second home. Okay, a bit of a generalization, but nonetheless, I have never been attracted to the Stanford-educated, six-figure earning, button-down, khaki wearing, bring home to mother type of boy.

Thus, China seems like a land of limitless opportunities for romance. Not only are there millions of millions of different types of Chinese boys, but Beijing has been of the late, flooded with expatriates from all over the globe.

So, why then was my friend teaching me to, Qi Lu Zhao Ma-Ride Donkey Find Horse? Because, she said, despite the numbers, Mr. Right (Now) is hard to come by in the capital city of the Middle Kingdom. That is why we must first ride (I don’t think my Chinese ancestors were aware of the double meaning “ride” would later take on) a donkey (average guy) in order to find our horse (Mr. Right).

Okay: Find the donkey. Ride the donkey! I’m always looking for the horse. The thoroughbred who wins the Kentucky Derby year after year. (though like all of us, I occasionally ride a jack ass after a few drinks). But maybe 5,000 years of wisdom has some use: I have to ride a donkey first.

However, despite learning to Qi Lu Zhao Ma, my dating life has not been anything to write home to the girls about. I do, however, have some interesting tales to tell of my encounters with the opposite sex.

In my quest to make myself some local friends, I had lunch with a friend of a friend. The next day homeboy called me before noon on Saturday telling me he’s about to go out to buy me a bike. Where I come from, you just don’t go around buying bikes for people you met the day before. Maybe he was just super nice and super excited to be my “friend.” Or, as people told me, maybe he’s like many of the well-to-do Chinese men who wants to keep a concubine, er, I mean mistress. In any case, a few flowery texts from my married “potential friend” later, I cut all ties.

Westerners seem to be no better. On another occasion, I even received an offer from an English man whom proclaimed he could bring me to orgasm five times in 24 hours or else I would get free dinners every night for one year. If he looked like Jude Law I would have jumped on the offer. Instead, I jumped in a cab and went home by myself.

Of course, there are normal Western men who aren’t here chasing skirts at Suzie Wongs (hip bar). These ones appear to be taken already. Or, they simply view China as a playground. Here for a few years, these types aren’t looking to form any serious relationships. Rather, they are quite happy for the short term, to simply taste the flavors of the world here in the increasingly cosmopolitan capital.

And while I haven’t met my match, I, alas have been quite the matchmaker. An hour or so after arriving at Face Bar, the other night, I met two gay boys who were much cuter than any hetero prospects. It only took one cocktail to convince me to leave with them to Beijing’s premier (and only) gay club called Destination (aka Desperation). After dancing on the vibrating dance floor, I met Sebastian from Belgium. He was eyeing a Chinese boy sitting next to us, so I took it upon myself to teach him three magic words in Mandarin, “you are cute- ni ke ai”. He used his new found vocab and well…let’s just say that when I left Desperation, I saw the two of them jump into a cab together.

So, all in all, my six months in Beijing have left me to wonder whether I will ever meet the horse who is at least 5’10, loves kids, doesn’t smoke, wants to eradicate world poverty, phones his mom, boogies till the break of dawn, bbqs a mean veggie burger, and massages me on command? On second thought, a nice donkey will do just fine for now.
--------------------------------------
hey girl!
Great article! I cannot agree more with you! So true….

Participation or just Right?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights have stated that “ Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” However, Shetonmon people, the indigenous peoples in Shigatse when the international mining company Hunter Dickinson Inc. (HDI) started explore mine in their native land; they don’t have the real rights to participate and the government did not consult local people for their concerns.

The mainstream culture and society treated indigenous peoples as vulnerable segments of society, especially subjectively agree and making a decision on behalf of them. In the case of Shetonmon, the lack of participation and different perspective makes the issue more complex. Because, indigenous peoples, Tibetans over there consider the land, the nature as sacred and human being should to be cared not for violation, therefore, effective communication and participation from local people is needed for protect and respect their culture as well as environment and further development, but the question is how much effective can be made through participatory approach, and who.

Take another example from my previous work, as a rights-based organization Save the Children’s project activities should based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), however, since Tibet geographically, culturally and historically is unique. People have different understanding and interpreting of the four principals, especially the participation.

Although the need for a participatory method is widely accepted by different agencies but it is still difficult to implement and have a positive results in less development regions. Participatory approach helps stakeholders express their thought and plan or even monitor the result by themselves. But the key to success sometimes are depending on stockholder’s education level and overall understanding of the issue. Moreover, the manipulative and passive participation are still dominated approach. Therefore, to ensure indigenous people (Tibetan) rights’ to land, natural resources and political not only need sound participatory approach but also provide quality and high education for Tibetans; basic education and skills are no more enough to fight for their self-determine. Encourage self organizing and cooperating among indigenous groups as well as with external bodies. And conduct workshop or tranining for skill development or better undersanding of the law and regulatios from the center goverement.

black day

... just too much....

I had such a great time in rural Tibetan areas, but since back everything was completely disaster. First, my loved one, my laptop was crash down and I had to reinstall everything. Then, whole family members plus a good friend are having bad cold and cough. Normally I won’t never catch a cold but this time I had to fight with cold and struggle for my paper day and night. Damn, such a bad luck.

Winter 长肉的季节

冬天 长肉的季节

本来就很敦实的身体

最近是越来越不堪入目了

如果再这样继续

下个月在海边

也太对不起白色的海滩了

该减肥了，要减肥了

Love Doesn't Discriminate 爱不分

知道“爱不分”是从一个国外媒体。之后看了关于她们的报道，也听了单曲“爱不分”。很喜欢。

爱，需要勇气。特别是同性之间的爱。 刚到美国时，有一次班里请来一对les 夫妇。看上去再正常不过的职业妇女，但她们的故事太不寻常了。面对社会，面对家庭，面对自己的真爱。她们分开过，但命运最终还是把她们永远地栓在了一起。所以，也同样希望今天的中国能包容乔乔这样的人。

《爱不分》——因为艰难 所以珍贵
爱是相通的，不分国界、年龄、肤色和性别，
开始的时候，她们和他们只是彷徨，因为自己跟别人的不一样
告诉自己不能爱，爱情并不可怕，怕就怕世俗人那种眼光
她们和他们害怕无论有多努力都无法跋涉过偏见造成的荆棘丛林
终于还是有一个人出现
一样的身体、一样的容颜、一样对爱情的渴望和忐忑
蠢蠢欲动，小心地靠近
互相靠近，温暖彼此
全因为有了呼应，爱才更肯定
两个女子，手拉手；两个男子，肩并肩，勇敢面对一切困难
她们和他们并不奢望支持，只是希望得到理解

爱不分
　　作词：何厚华 作曲：林从胤
　　曾经以为爱情只是奢望
　　我的心房 是紧闭的窗
　　偶尔透进的光 却还是照不亮
　　我无助的忧伤
　　是你教我勇敢怀抱希望
　　紧握的手 别迷失方向
　　我们一起抵抗 无情的沧桑变换
　　不怕长夜漫漫
　　如果还能选择爱的对象
　　你会怎么想
　　我们是否会跟现在一样
　　相爱得如此顽固而坚强
　　我的爱没有不同 我的心也不难懂
　　只期待一个简简单单的感动
　　当岁月来去匆匆 当爱恋消逝如风
　　我们曾热切相拥
　　爱不分谁对谁错 爱不管流言穿梭
　　我不找到你今生永远不罢休
　　当繁华逐渐凋落 当世间冷暖看透
　　你是我的所有

甘丹安曲vs.晚报通知

如果不是今早看到晚纸，我都不知道再过两天就是藏族传统的“甘丹安曲”燃灯节了。结果还是拉萨市政府的通知提醒我了，也提醒你。一个很重要的传统节日即将来临。所以，摘抄过来与大家分享一下。

摘：拉萨晚报，2006年12月13日，星期三

通知简单明了很清楚，想必拉萨市市民是会遵照政府的的最高指示行事。但我还是有一些不明白之处：

1，既然是传统的藏族节日，为何要加强职工的教育、引导和管理？
2，教育什么？往哪里引导？如何管理？
3，不准参与也罢，但围观都不行？难道不能纯粹从文化/传统去观赏这一节日？
4，在佛教圣地，为何纪念佛教创始人宗喀巴大师圆寂成佛的日子也要这么警惕？

不说了， 也说不通。还是让我们从文化，传统的角度了解一下“甘丹安曲”。


藏历十月二十五日暮色降临，八廓街大小巷道都飘摇闪烁着酥油灯海。川流不息的转经队伍，出没于桑烟弥漫、香火缭绕的街头巷尾。沿街楼顶上播曳的酥油灯火苗在微风中舞动；似乎整个世界都挂满了酥油灯。 这一天是藏传佛教格鲁巴（俗称黄教）创始人宗喀巴大师圆寂成佛的日子。为了纪念这位杰出的宗教领袖，藏区各黄教寺庙和信徒于藏历十月二十五日，举行诵经、磕头，灯供仪式等隆重的祭祀活动，祭祀宗喀巴大师在天之灵和祈愿大师赐与善良的人们以吉祥幸福。

相传早在绛曲坚赞建立帕竹政权不久，青海西宁附近，一个名叫鲁本格的元朝地方官员家里，生下了一个儿子，取名罗桑扎巴。西宁一带古城宗喀，这个孩子成名以后就被称为宗喀巴（公元1357－1419年）。

宗喀巴三岁时，噶玛巴若贝多吉受皇帝诏请，去京都路过西宁，鲁本格带儿子谒见活佛。活佛见宗喀巴年纪虽小，但聪明伶俐，十分喜欢，亲自为他授了居士戒。

宗喀巴16岁时，他的老师对他说：“我的所有学问都传授给你了，今后，你应该到藏地方访求名师，进一步深造。只有这样，你方能成大材、立大业”。那是西宁至藏地，路途遥远，靠两条腿一步一步走进去辛苦万分，且途中时有盗匪，充满危险，于是宗喀巴便于他舅舅十多人结伴而行。

他们走了近一年才到乌思藏，当时正是乌思藏宗教混乱之时，教派中分宁玛派、葛当派、葛举派、萨迦派，还有苯教，且派系林立。宗喀巴拜谒了各派高僧，吸取百家之长。他先去直贡寺，向主持却吉杰布学习“大手印”又到贡塘寺学习“四部医典”，对显密二宗进行了广泛的闻、思、修和讲、辩。著。19岁时宗喀巴开始初露头角。一次，他在桑浦寺辩场对“现观庄严论”进行立宗答辩。谁也没有把他放在眼里。却不料他清音朗朗，语惊四座。大家开始使出浑身的解数，也没有难道他。他面对一个个提问从容不迫，对答如流。这次辩经使他名扬整个乌思藏。

这时候，他除了云游学经，同时开始著书立说，他早期的著作有《僧众二十论》。31岁时候完成了《波罗密多注释金珠》等，并应乌思藏各寺院请求讲经。这时他的名声已很大，受到僧俗群众乃至雪域贤哲的拥戴。

公元1388年冬天，宗喀巴在哇坚寺给众僧讲经时，一反往日习惯，头上戴了一顶黄色僧帽。当时藏地喇嘛所戴僧帽，多为绛红色，宗喀巴标新立异，众僧和弟子都不明白他的用意，议论纷纷。后来他们才慢慢知道，宗喀巴看到许多僧人生活奢靡，喝酒玩耍，彼此争吵，寺院戒律松弛，一些修密法的僧人，吞刀吐火，借尸还魂，群众怨声载道，藏传佛教危机四伏，宗喀巴戴起黄帽表示他下决心从自己做起，重整戒律，振兴藏传佛教。

此后的一些年，宗喀巴主要致力于两件大事，一件是著书立说，主要著作有《菩提道次第广论》等。这些经典是宗喀巴对显教密教的系统论述，是他对整个佛教的看法，也是格鲁派思想体系的建设，另一件事，就是大力开展他的宗教社会活动。主要是：一、提倡僧人严格遵守戒律，不应干涉世俗事务，不要娶妻和从事生产劳动；二、大力复兴寺院，兴建寺院，先后建成一大批寺院，并把一些噶当派寺院纳入格鲁派的属下。他晚年还收了许多徒弟，其中著名的八大弟子，都是藏传佛教史上的著名人物；三、每年定期举行传昭法会，在会上讲经传法，主张僧人修习先显宗后密宗，规定必修五部经论，创立了辩经、考试，授以格西学位的制度。

公元1419年，藏历第七绕迥猪年十月二十五日，宗喀巴圆寂，享年63岁。次年，弟子僧众在甘丹寺为他建成灵塔，将其法体供奉在内，并将藏历十月二十五日他圆寂的忌日作为藏族人民的宗教节日，此后每年这个日子，家家点灯纪念他。这个节日就是“甘丹安曲钦莫”，又叫燃灯节。

西藏已发现40例艾滋病感染者

在第19个“世界艾滋病日”到来之际，自治区防治艾滋病工作委员会全体会议28日上午在拉萨召开。会议通报了西藏艾滋病防治工作的形势和任务，动员各级政府、有关部门和社会各界共同参与艾滋病防治工作。

自治区副主席多吉泽仁出席会议并讲话。他指出，自治区党委、政府历来高度重视艾滋病防治工作，并将其作为关系经济发展、社会稳定的战略性问题纳入政府工作的重要议事日程。自上个世纪90年代西藏发现首例艾滋病感染者以来，西藏艾滋病防治工作取得了一定的成效，但是防治任务仍然十分艰巨。

多吉泽仁要求各级各部门一定要本着对国家、对民族、对人民高度负责的态度，进一步增强对艾滋病防治工作艰巨性和紧迫性的认识；进一步采取措施，加强对各类高危人群的监督和检测，建立健全艾滋病监测网络；坚持经常性宣传教育和重点教育相结合，使西藏干部群众充分认识艾滋病的危害性。同时，营造全社会关心艾滋病人，不歧视艾滋病人和积极预防艾滋病的良好社会氛围。

据介绍，今年12月1日是第19个“世界艾滋病日”，今年的主题是“遏制艾滋履行承诺”。另据卫生部发布的最新报告显示，截至2006年10月31日，在我国估计现有艾滋病病毒感染者65万人，西藏截至2006年10月31日已累计发现报告艾滋病感染者40例，2006年报告8例。

新闻来源：
中国西藏新闻网 2006年11月29日

思雨

我听见，细细的雨声

就像姑娘的倾诉

在窗外游弋

那个神秘启示

悄悄走近

带着泥土的芬芳和妖冶气息

仿佛梦里缠绵游走

在滚烫肌肤之间

酒精欢唱的时刻

所有的故事

都变得疑窦丛生

可是

飘忽不定的乐声里

深秋的爱情

向着莫测的心门

越走越深仿佛

细雨中深情的呼喊越来越近

十月十八日凌晨三点四十七分

时间在不轻易间
流走了
雨也停了

矛盾

才回来一个星期，明天又要离开了。不知道为什么突然有点不想走了。因为TBF还是因为de，反正情绪是出了点状况。也或者是不想在冬天一开始就离开家。毕竟有太久没有在家过冬了。很怀念抬头即可见的山顶雪和那透明的蓝天。

矛盾。虽然我不会为了结婚而结婚。而且我已习惯单身，习惯了一个人的生活。所以，从不曾觉得我的生活不完美。但今天在医院看到普过和格央那么幸福地谈论着她们的女儿时，也挺羡慕，也觉着挺好的。人真是个矛盾的动物。

Nangpa La 血祭

生活在西藏，听说逃往的故事实在不是什么新鲜的事。有些故事夸大其词，有些故事让人撕心裂肺。而今天，几个国际登山者展示给我们的逃亡故事，让我迷惑于天灾与人祸？ 而廖天琪认为藏人的逃亡是汉人的耻辱。

“While I was up the mountain, pursuing my personal dream, other people were trying to pursue theirs...some 80 tibetan people were trying to cross Nangpa La into Nepal and India to see HH,” reported

On October 1 I heard machine-gun bursts... Chinese militias hunting Tibetans like rats, dogs, rabbits - you name it.” In the image, Sergiu Matei during the approaching trek.

Shots at Nangpa La

“Early morning of September 30th, I walked out of our dining tent to gaze over towards the Nangpa La pass. I saw a line of Tibetans heading towards the start of the pass - a common sight, as the trade routes are open this time of year.”

“Then, without warning, shots rang out. Over, and over and over. Then the line of people started to run uphill – they were at 19,000ft. Apparently the Chinese army was tipped off about their attempted escape, and had showed up with guns.”

2 people were down, and they weren't getting up

“Watching the line snake off through the snow, as the shots rang out, we saw two shapes fall. The binoculars confirmed it: 2 people were down, and they weren't getting up. Then more Chinese army swarmed through ABC.”

According to the climber, Tibetans on the mountain later said that up to seven people might have been shot dead, their bodies then shoved into a crevasse not far from Cho Oyu BC.

A traders, trekkers and refuges route

The wide Nangpa La pass, located between Tibet and Nepal, has been a common traders’ route for centuries. In fact, many among The Sherpa people reached Nepal 400 years ago across this col.

Since the Chinese invasion of Tibet, a large number of refugees added to the yak caravans. Whilst many Tibetans cross the pass in order to sell their traditional craft and Chinese goods in Namche Bazaar’s Saturday market and then come back, some seek refuge in Nepal or India.

The Nangpa La is also open to foreign trekkers.

The fact is, caravans across the Nangpa La are often seen by climbers in Cho Oyu’s ABC, located close by. Tibetan traders cross the pass not only in winter (when no one is watching), but also during the climbing season.

Not the first time

These unregistered travelers have rarely raised attention from the Chinese troops in BC, neither from the Liason Officers always present in ABC. Some climbing teams through the years have however reported on hearing shots. But this is the first time we have first-hand reports of a westerner witnessing people being shot on the way to Nepal’s border.

Nevertheless, it is not the first time such a fact hit the news. Canada’s Tibet Committee reported a similar incident on December 4, 2003: “Last year, there were separate eyewitness reports by Western mountain climbers of Chinese border police firing upon Tibetan refugees as well as pursuing refugees across Nangpa la into Nepal territory,” the NGO’s reported. “In mid October of this year, a group of 34 Tibetan refugees were fired upon by Chinese border security while attempting to cross into Nepal over Nangpa La.”

We ran in all directions

According to the report, one of the refugees who finally made it to Nepal told CTC in Kathmandu: “When the machine gun fire started hitting around us, we ran in all directions,” the 25 year old survivor said. “We ran back where we came from just trying to avoid the army. After hiding from the gun blasts for many hours, we climbed over Nangpa La in the middle of the night and walked the entire day on the Nepal side as we were so scared.”

Approximately 2,500 Tibetans annually escape from Tibet enroute to India, according to the Canada Tibet Committee. Approximately a third of those refugees are children under 18 years who are seeking a Tibetan language education unavailable to them under Chinese rule. Approximately one quarter of the refugees who successfully escape Tibet are monks and nuns who flee due to Chinese repression of religious beliefs and practices.

Nangpa La is situated only a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu (5,716m/18,753ft). The wide, glaciated pass serves as the main trading route between the Tibetans and the Sherpas of Khumbu.

The Nangpa La pass has also been used by “illegal” climbers who have started from Nepal and then crossed the border in order to summit Cho Chu without obtaining a climbing permit. Trespassing mostly happened during off season climbs and in past decades, when Chinese patrols were scarce in the area.

《The Lexus and the Olive Tree》

The Lexus and the Olive Tress by Thomas Friedman, the foreign affairs columnist for the New York Times, was a best seller book of the year, and no doubt with the nature of his job and given an economic background this book provided very good explanation of the globalization. It is a very interesting book; I think he did great job on keep the balance between intellectual level and in a popular style. Thomas Friedman is a global traveler and with his numerous experiences in the developing county as grounds for argument, his argument was very strong and convincing.

Actually last year when he came to our school I went for that very provocative speech. I would say he is a very good public speaker, not only providing unique information but also really persuasive and evocative. After read this book and no surprise why he support the war. In The Lexus and the Olive Tress, he always talks the United States as a superpower country, and as the only remaining superpower countries which is most people also think that way, but not all. For instance, my land-lady who is an American but really feels disgusting with this word. Her argument is that the USA as the one of developed country has some advantages than others but there are also a lot of domestic issues to be solved. For instance, the health and the pension for elderly people are not well established, so in that sense, the United States is far way from being a superpower country.

I see Thomas Friedman is a typical person who really got full benefit from the globalization. He know the role of game, so he really emphasis the power of nation as well as an individual’s power. But I think this kind of ideology is very dangers, and it may cause more conflicts as well. I remember he also said after Nazism and Communisms the Iraq War as the third great challenge to the world. And this is actually the structure of this book and how he understands the globalization.

As he said the globalization is already a part of our life, whether we love it or hate it.

Globalization is here to stay and no one can avoid taking part in it. But I will say even though he gives lots of examples from Asia or elsewhere but still he is just simply talking the globalization from an American perspective. As he cited the globalization was happening a long time ago, and its affects every corner of the world. Most people see it from the date the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism. In fact, we can trace back the history little bit earlier. We could consider early migration and exploration as one type of globalization before the Cold War. But since at that time governments and institutions were not well establish as it is right now, and information technology and communications were not advanced as it is now, there was less trade between nations, so its affected sector and population were small.

I agree with him that the information and technology is playing very critical role in this era of globalization. This is also the reason some countries like China have changed lots in terms of openness and control of media. As a fact of globalization, free trade is part of this business, but the role of WTO, IMF etc. is very weird and he also didn’t convince me to say those international organizations and treaties are important under the free trade condition, In case of African countries and Latino countries with those organizations play key role in terms of development, for instances, Washington Consensuses which pushed by IMF and the US government instead of bring economic growth the social economic structure became much more mass than before. Therefore, I think if Thomas Friedman can also bring some cases from those countries it will definitely benefit readers as well as it can support his argument.

I really appreciate that he strongly proposed the Lexus and the Olive Tree should keep balance. In other word, we should keep the balance between development and culture. Is the culture really matter in the development process? I think he gives very good answers.

I also agree that there are some down sides of the globalization, which we may call it, tread-off. Take Tibet as an example, through the economic structure in Tibet is rather simple because of the geographical, the historical and the life style the most part of Tibet were depending on agriculture and livestock. However, Tibetans are also getting big share from Chinese economic growth but the traditional culture and beliefs also under threaten of the simulations from Chinese. So the fact is that all cultural values cannot be preserved in this era of globalization. And the question is how to be your own and also be a part of global changes?

Given the current economic and political circumstance, challenge for the globalization is the gap between poor and rich. I cannot see how poor people and poor countries can benefit from this globalization? Can all global citizens enjoy Sushi or maybe a Big-Mac in every corner of the world? The challenge for the development is how to keep a balance between the economic development on one hand, and preserve traditional culture on the other. And this is also The Lexus and the Olive Tress trying to answers. I am highly recommending this book to people who interested in the international affairs.

Coffee Alone

昨天无意间，在网上搜到下面关于咖啡与人生的诗，很喜欢。习惯是一种生活方式。习惯是一种力量。习惯是没有他在身边。所以，习惯是很难改变的。特别是如果与你朝夕相处几十年的另一半突然从你生活中消失。虽然我还没结婚，也没他在一边让我习惯有他的生活。但挺能理解Thomas 的心情。是因为coffee？因为...？ 我不知道，也不想知道。

至于Hurricane 经历过几次，但对我只是几天的停课而已。过后，什么都忘了。并且今天，还可以喝着我最喜欢的咖啡，看白云，和朋友去远足。而此刻的Tom 是否也在喝一杯浓浓的black coffee！

An older woman reflects on her life after a hurricane takes her husband.

Coffee, alone

Black, no sugar.
Her life in a cup.
Her laugh, a rasping
Cough in a napkin.
She drinks her
Coffee, alone.

For 40 years
She loved one man.
Just the two of them
No kids, no pets,
Ideal tenants
For the 9th ward.

He never looked
At another woman.
He wasn’t looking
When this one came.

The coffee was ready
He was in the shed
Doing God knows what
When She came along.

A low roar, a sucking sound
Then a grinding crash
Splintered the ancient shed
And left him, dead.

She ran outside
And called His name.
A pile of bricks and cypress planks
Was now his tomb.

Her life was saved
By this act alone
As the hurricane
Now destroyed her home.

She walked through the streets
In a cotton dress
A ghost in a daze
No place to rest.

They took her to the Center
She was lost in the crowd
But she kept her peace
She was raised to be proud.

The weeks went by
Her man was not found
She could not return to empty ground.
At last the day came

When she could go back
A mixed blessing for sure
Her house was a wreck.

But she moved back
To her home without lights or water
It was still hers
And that was what matters.

She drinks coffee, alone
And prays for a sign
That she made the right move
And all will be fine.

This week she got power
And water for her plants
She can still watch TV
And hope that, by chance…

They will not destroy
The only home that she knew
She’s alone but she’ll fight
That’s what he would do, too.

Tom Crowley New Orleans 3/07/06

朋友的随笔

昨天又收到扬的一篇随笔。好喜欢。欣赏他写的东西。因为实际，因为不矫揉造作，因为可以共鸣。我们曾经同在一个机构，后来又陆续成为所谓的“留学生”，又后来都被冠以“海龟”（虽然我们都极不喜欢这个词），再后来工作也换了几个，到现在的自由职业。

自由职业，天天都可以是周末，也可能天天都是工作日，几乎都不太在意是一个星期中的那一天。过去那种星期五和星期一的综合症侯群策群也已经对我没有任何影响了。

流亡的历史

一部呆板的历史

因流亡者而生动

一部虚伪的历史

因流亡者而真实

一个平凡的人

因流亡而拥有不平凡的世界

一个软弱的人

因流亡而在火与电中迫进永恒

-----余杰

open our selves

昨晚，电脑留在了办公室。因为想看看书，让自己静一静。
看来看去，最后Paul Williams 的Das Energi 又看了一遍。

If someone wantss to love you
and you won't let them, what does that mean?

thought: I can't.
thought: I can do anything I want.

thought: I don't want to.
thought: Why not?

awareness: I am afraid.
I am afraid of the commitment, getting involved.

thought: But I am not always afraid. Or I am, but I love anyway. Because I want the person bad eough to overcome my fear or hesitation. I care enough to try.
or I am possessed; the spirit moves me to love and
I do not stop to reason. Those times are easiest
and most exciting.

awareness: You get what you need.

thought: I am limited by my fears.

awareness: I cannot eliminate all my fears at once.
but I can push them back, I can be braver,
I can expend my universe.

thought: I want to love more, be loved more.

awareness: I must open myself, must be willing to take on
greater commitement. The more involved I dare get, the more love I will be able to share. I must
work on my selfconfidence. It is the self that
loves, not the body, not the mind.

We must open our selves.

过了半夜，看到下面一段很受感触，就转发给他了。没想，他即刻就打来电话。似乎左右为难的不只是我一人。

Listen to no one who tells you how to love.
Your love is like no others, and that is
what makes it beautiful.
Your self is your divinity.
Express your self.

西藏的矿产到底该不该开采？

西藏 - 西方的宝藏！这里有着丰富的能源和自然资源是众所周知的，同样这里所存在的社会问题也是大家讨论的热点.

今早在新闻网看到下面的文章，觉得很惊讶。文章对藏区矿产开发中存在的一些现实问题进行了分析，可存在问题与开发理由之间的解释还是无法说服我。

·新华网西藏频道　策划：多吉占堆　文：叶辉、张爱林 图：叶辉　·

根据几十年的地质勘查，在西藏已经发现了三江成矿带、雅江成矿带、班公-怒江成矿带、冈底斯成矿带的存在，独特的大地构造和良好的成矿地质背景和矿产资源潜力令世界关注。目前的问题是，如果开采其矿产资源发展西藏经济，并为发达地区输出资源，提供发展后劲，那么西藏就有可能面临生态环境逐步恶化的局面。开采西藏矿产利弊如何？许多专家学者说法不一，有的人说如果说要这些地区承担生态破坏的成本，那么还不如不开采；有的人认为如能建立起一整套可持续的制度框架，设计一套开放透明、更能集中民智代表民意的环保参与机制，也是可以开采的。

西藏的矿产资源底子到底有多厚？















被采金者开挖过的矿场已是满目苍凉。

据统计，截止到２００３年底，在西藏范围内发现矿种１０１种，矿产地２０００余处。探明储量的矿产４１种（含矿泉水、地热），勘查矿区１３１个，其中大型３０个、中型３３ 个、小型６８个。 中国工程院院士多吉说，目前在西藏，除位于全国前七位的优势矿产有铬、铜、硼、锂、地热等１７种矿产外，金、铅锌、钼、锑、铁、铂族金属以及矿泉水、油气等非金属矿产也都具有广阔的勘查前景。根据《西藏自治区矿产资源对２０１０年国民经济建设保证程度论证》,西藏矿产资源的潜在价值在 ６０００亿元以上。

最新调查成果显示，青藏铁路沿线和近临区域的矿产资源十分丰富。其中有色金属（以铜、铅、锌、锑为主）的金属远景资源量超过 ２０００万吨（玉龙矿区除外）；主要富铁矿区的铁矿资源量逾亿吨；铬铁矿矿石储量和资源量超过 ５００万吨（含已采矿区）；已初步查明硼矿资源量３００多万吨，与之相伴或共生的芒硝４．５亿吨、水菱镁矿５８４０万吨、锂盐５６万吨、钾盐４１６万吨、钠盐１．４亿吨。

记者采访还了解到，上世纪５０年代以来，在西藏境内相继发现了４９０个盐湖，其中，面积大于１平方公里的有２２０个。盐湖矿产以固体和液体两种形式存在。呈固体产出的矿物质有硼酸盐、芒硝、钾盐等；液体部分则表现为湖表卤水、淤泥卤水或晶间卤水，所含元素达到５７种之多。此外，经调查评估，尚有不少中、大型矿泉水水源地（日流量几百至几千吨）也具有较大的资源量。从成矿带而言，三江成矿带、冈底斯-雅江成矿带、班公-怒江成矿带在全国已知成矿带中占有重要地位。

值得一提的是，西藏的铜矿资源潜力有望达到全国三分之一以上，主要集中分布于冈底斯成矿带、藏东玉龙成矿带和班公湖-怒江成矿带。其中，玉龙铜矿带已初步评价了玉龙、马拉松多、扎拉尕等多处大中型矿床；冈底斯铜矿带部分代表性矿床的勘察成果和异常特征表明，矿带资源远景可望达到２０００万吨以上。截至目前，西藏境内发现铜矿产地１８０多处，其中３０余处达到大中型矿床的远景规模。

西藏矿产资源开采的现状














通过大型机械将含有黄金泥土挖出装车运送到筛拣点，让这些泥土经过“千挑万选”才有可能找到黄金。

据记者调查，目前西藏的矿产资源开采主要存在以下问题：

首先是草地破坏严重。由于大部分采矿企业采取了“先易后难，先富后贫，采富弃贫，层层转包”的开采方式，所有矿区的草场几乎全部被破坏。开采过程中遍地开花，进入矿区的车辆没有固定行车路线，周边草地在日复一日的碾压下，遭到了严重破坏。部分矿区存在越界开采行为，开采面积的扩大又造成新的草地破坏，严重影响了当地农牧民的正常生产生活秩序。

据统计，仅尼玛县自砂金矿开采以来，已破坏天然优质草场４７０２５亩，车辆碾压破坏的草场２５５００亩。崩纳藏布金矿自１９９５年开采以来，矿区内６１４２．５亩草地已全部被破坏，矿区周边草地因受碾压等影响，已严重退化。矿区下游下过乡２村的德纳、次嘎２处优良草场，因崩纳藏布金矿的开采，河水含沙量增大，泥沙沉积抬高了河床水位，改变了河水流向，漫流的泥水淹没和破坏了草场。

二是水污染问题普遍存在。由于开采过程中没有设置沉砂池处理采矿废水，含有大量泥沙的生产废水污染了下游水源，影响矿区下游的人畜用水。长期沉淀的泥沙覆盖了下游草场，造成下游草场面积逐步减少，出现沙化、退化现象。

三是垃圾污染严重。由于进入矿区的人员多，又缺乏管理，所有矿区均出现了垃圾遍地的状况。

四是群众获利较少。收取的少量资源补偿费和群众搬迁费未落实到当地百姓身上，群众从金矿开采中得到的利益很少，出现了守着金山无法致富的局面。

五是矿区秩序混乱。在层层转包和利益驱动下，大部分矿区均拥入了大量人员，几乎一个矿区就是一个小社会，除了影响当地居民的正常生产生活外，还造成社会治安隐患。

西藏的矿产资源到底该不该开发














一车刚刚挖出的采金土正在往筛拣带上翻倒，这些泥土经过冲洗一些黄金就会通过纱网落下来。

针对西藏丰富的矿产资源，多吉说，西藏与东部地区相比，展现出巨大的矿产资源优势和突出的互补性，其具体表现在：

一、具备更加优越的成矿条件,不少优势矿种，如铜、铬、硼等恰好是国家的短缺矿种。

二、改革开放以来的经济快速发展，促进了东部地区的矿产资源极度开发与充分利用，导致后备资源告急。相比之下，西藏矿产资源的家底至今尚未摸清，已探明的矿产地也不能进行规模化开发，无疑为西部大开发和东部地区的经济可持续发展提供了良好的资源储备。

三、西藏的基础地质和矿产勘查的工作程度还比较低，加速勘查后的新增储量或资源量将会急剧增加。在国家实施西部大开发的今天，加速西藏优势矿产资源的勘查和开发，对缓解或解决我国二十一世纪初可能面临的部分矿产资源危机，确保国家未来经济安全和东部地区的发展后劲都会起到举足轻重的作用。

但对是否开采西藏的矿产资源，有不少专家持反对意见，他们特别指出，混乱的开采秩序、环保意识极差的开采队伍会让生态原本就很脆弱的青藏高原承担不起。有关专家指出，矿业是我国国民经济的基础产业，矿产勘查又是矿业发展的根本保证和重要前提。一个大型或超大型矿床从勘查初期到矿山建设往往需要５-１０年的评价周期。随着青藏铁路的开通，西藏矿产资源开发必将进入一个新的高潮。

截至２００２年底，全国面临资源枯竭的矿山已有４４０座，其中，有色金属矿产中有６６％的主力矿山进入中晚期，已经关闭和即将关闭的矿山有８３座，预计到２０１０年还要关闭３５５座，占矿山总数的４６％。作为国民经济支柱的铁、铜等大宗矿产的消费量与储备增速比已出现负增长，铁为－０．７４％、铜为－０．５％。据国内４５种主要矿产资源供应能力的保证程度分析，到２０２０年，我国铜、铬、铁、金、铂族金属石油、硼等１８种矿产不能保证国内需求，国家为确保经济快速发展，每年都要进口大量短缺矿产。２００１年我国铜矿石的年进口量达到２２６万吨。专家指出，这些国家短缺的矿产资源恰好是西藏的优势矿种，如果能科学、合理地勘查开发，对促进国民经济的发展将起到重要作用。

西藏的矿产到底该不该挖掘，如果挖掘该怎么进行已经是摆在我们面前必须解决的问题。专家建议，应对西藏现有矿产资源的分布格局和优势矿种的勘查成果和逐步完善的基础设施等功能条件进行综合分析。青藏铁路开通后运输成本必然下降，为西藏优势矿产资源参与国内矿业市场提供便利条件，因此可在较短时间内在西藏境内建设“一江两河”有色金属与贵金属开发基地，和紧邻青藏铁路沿线的黑色金属、贵金属以及矿泉水、地热等综合性开发基地。在藏北湖区可建设以硼、锂为主的盐湖资源综合开发基地为龙头的几个国家级或自治区级的矿业开发基地。上述矿业开发基地初步形成后，矿业将成为西藏支柱产业之一，由矿业带动的其他延伸产业也将成为西藏可持续、跨越式发展的新的经济增长点。它不仅可以缓解我国对铜、铬、硼砂、富铁等矿供需的尖锐矛盾，而且必将为国家经济安全、持续、稳定发展提供强有力的支持。 但现有矿产地质的工作程度和对资源的掌握情况远不能满足现代化大型矿山建设的需要。资料显示，由于我国地质勘查工作滞后，到上世纪末，新发现的矿产急剧减少，后备接替资源储备严重不足。















距离比如县一百多公里处的一个采金点的一角

西藏自治区国土资源厅厅长王保生就西藏的矿产资源到底该不该挖掘发表了自己的看法。他说：“我觉得近年来，西藏黄金生产工作不规范、存在较多问题，但这些企业、资源只要管理好了就可以挖，而且一定要挖！”

他说：“目前西藏的采矿行业面临８个急需解决的问题：一是矿山企业普遍规模小而分散，多数矿山地勘工作程度达不到开采设计要求，无法进行正规设计，开采随意性很大，没有形成固定生产能力；二是一些矿山企业不同程度地存在乱采滥挖，浪费资源、破坏生态环境和自然景观或环境保护不力等现象；三是部分企业存在非法承包或转让采矿权、证照不全、越界开采等违法行为；四是部分企业在办理有关证照后多年未能投入正产生产；五是大部分矿山企业开采方案论证不够，生产技术管理水平较低，生产组织不严密，各项经济技术指标达不到国家和行业要求；六是部分企业产品管理不善，产量统计不实，存在产品流失现象；七是一些矿山由于管理不严，矿区治安混乱，与当地政府、群众关系恶化，在一定程度上存在较严重的社会治安问题和生产安全问题；八是一些地方政府和部门存在违规处置矿产资源或乱收费、乱摊派现象，所收费用名目繁多。只要这些问题解决了就该挖，而且该大力发展。”

据统计，西藏仅砂金采矿企业最多时就达到４１个，开采的砂金矿山有６５个之多。２００３年７月２３日，西藏自治区下发了《西藏自治区人民政府办公厅关于转发自治区经贸委等三部门关于西藏自治区黄金生产秩序整顿工作方案的通知》，明确提出在西藏６５家黄金矿山开采企业中，关闭取缔２９家，允许继续开采６家，限期开采１９家，需要继续整顿１１家。

西藏自治区主席向巴平措在谈到西藏的矿产开发时说：“砂金的开采，群众得不到多少实惠，地方财政也得不到多少收入，但对生态破坏相当严重，真正是得不偿失。我们要坚决杜绝破坏资源环境的‘掠夺式’开采，坚决关闭粗放开发、浪费资源、破坏环境、影响安全的矿点。”他说：“在西藏的西部草原，平坦辽阔，但是各种车辆在草原上任意的行驶着，形成了少则几道，多则十几道、宽达两三百米的车道，毁坏的草场面积无法估量，草场沙化、荒漠化的人为因素应该说是主要原因。”

记者在距离西藏阿里地区改则县１００多公里处的一个小型砂金矿看到，５、６台大型货车不停地穿梭在草场和砂金取土场之间，扬尘足以让人窒息。据青海来的淘金者告诉记者，这里的两部挖掘机和运土货车一般每天工作１６个小时，２班倒，每天能挖１００克左右的黄金。谈到环保时，他说：“我们这的环保很简单，经过水洗的土层晾干往回一倒就算环保了，根本不需要种什么草，恢复植被，自治区国土资源厅也是这么要求的。”就在改则县城，记者看到大批采金船对外出售、出租，场景确实壮观。

王保生就采矿后的环保问题对记者说：“西藏环境的自身恢复能力较差，恢复很难，就是回填难度也很大，我们在很多回填的土地上进行过复垦试验，大部分都是第一年草场能够恢复一点，第二年就寸草不生，我们想过很多办法都没太大作用。不过我们在古采金场发现一些还是有部分生态有所恢复，所以我们只对矿山企业要求进行回填，复垦有些不实际了。”在谈到西藏金矿开采十多年来究竟给西藏经济带来多大效益时，他说：“目前只有申扎县羌塘贵金属公司开采十年为地方政府分得利润５１００多万元，大部分开矿企业都没让老百姓得到多大好处。很多有金矿的县政府都私下与采金老板签订非法协议或合同允许无证采矿，使问题复杂化，管理难度增大。即便签订了正式合同，采金企业向地方缴纳的各种资费，落实到乡和老百姓手中的很少，例如申扎县崩纳藏布砂金矿共向地、县上交了草场补偿费１４７６万元，而矿区所在的下过乡、卡乡只得到了１３６．３３６万元，不足１０％。”

国家环境保护总局副局长潘岳在近日召开的财富论坛上指出，中国在过去的二十五年里ＧＤＰ年均增长８％。然而，这种增长是以资源和环境更快速的损耗为代价的。５０多年来，中国人口由６亿增长到１３亿，而可居住的土地由于水土流失从６００多万平方公里减少到３００多万。４５种主要矿产１５年后剩下６种，５年以后７０％以上的石油依赖进口。我们主要水系的五分之二已经成为劣五类水，３亿多农村人口喝不到安全的水，４亿多城市居民呼吸着严重污染的空气，１５００万人因此得上支气管疾病和呼吸道癌症……如果按照目前的污染水平走下去，随着１５年后我们的经济总量翻两番，污染负荷还可能增加四至五倍。中国的环境问题已不是什么“隐约逼近的危机”，而是一个已到眼前的危机。

我们一直说要搞好环境造福子孙后代，实际上是我们这代人能否安然度过的问题。这些问题的根源是什么？潘岳认为，中国的环境问题不是一个专业问题，而是一个政治问题，根源是我们扭曲的发展观。很多人认为，中国可以模仿发达国家走“先发展后治理”的老路，但实际情况是，中国的人口资源环境结构比发达国家紧张得多，发达国家可以在人均８０００－１００００美元的时候改善环境，而我们很可能在人均３０００美元时，生态等危机会提前来到，我们那一点点经济成果根本无法抵挡。

专家指出：西藏的金矿到底该不该开采？如果开采该如何开采？开采过后的生态保护问题如何解决等等都是摆在我们面前必需解决的问题。

Give Up

三个月，不长不短
让我明白了一个行业
让我明白了一个自己想要什么
自己可以做什么

所以，最终还是决定放弃了
因为我无法承受的道德谴责

也许，失去的不仅是工作
而且是生活
还有他
突然走进了我的生活
也，突然消失了
不想挽回
即便我们都想要挽留对方
但，最终
还是决定放弃了